Abstract This article presents a genealogical outline of the process of management rationalisation from the Fordism period to the rise of post-Fordism. Thus, assuming a sociological and historical perspective, it first goes back to the contributions of scientific and efficiency management of the early 20th century. The text then analyses, not only the emergence of the managerial strategy movement in the USA but also and two more strategies: corporate and business strategies. In corporate strategy, from the 1950s and 1960s, it is interesting to reflect on the work of pioneering authors such as Peter Drucker. In business strategy, from the late 1960s and early 1970s, the empirical contributions of business consultants are brought up, particularly the experience curve. The latter to point out, in the origins of strategic management, the emergence of a new paradigm that makes competitiveness, not efficiency, its principle of reflexive ordering.

Resumen Este artículo presenta un esquema genealógico del proceso de racionalización del management desde el periodo fordista hasta el ascenso del postfordismo. Así, asumiendo una perspectiva sociológica e histórica, se remonta primero a los aportes del management científico y de corte eficientista de principios del siglo XX. Luego, el texto analiza la emergencia de la corriente estratégica managerial en los EE. UU. y de dos movimientos: la estrategia corporativa y la de negocios. En la estrategia corporativa, de los años 50 y 60, interesa reflexionar sobre los trabajos de autores pioneros como Peter Drucker. En la estrategia de negocios, de fines de los 60 y principios de los 70, se trae a colación los aportes empíricos de las consultoras de negocios, particularmente la curva de experiencia. Esto último para señalar, en los orígenes del management estratégico, la emergencia de un nuevo paradigma que hace de la competitividad, no de la eficiencia, su principio de ordenamiento reflexivo.

Resumen El origen del ímpetu monopólico en el discurso managerial de esta época, orientado según el principio de competitividad, debe rastrearse genealógicamente en las lecturasque se derivan de los trabajos de dos economistas de principios del siglo XX: Ronald Coase y Joseph Schumpeter. Este artículo recurre a una crítica socio-historia de las principales teorías microeconómicas del siglo pasado para explicar la actual justificación ética del monopolio en el campo del management estratégico. Con esto se busca ampliar y completarel estudio foucaultiano de la microeconomía neoliberal como racionalidad, aquella que hace de la competencia su principio central reflexivo.Desde mediados del siglo pasado una serie de acontecimientos y reformulaciones en el campo teórico de la economía y el management dieron lugar al principio de la competitividad estratégica de las empresas, que tomó distancia del principio de la competencia económica de los mercados.Así, a diferencia de la competencia del neoliberalismo tempranoestudiadopor Michel Foucault a fines de los años 1970, la competitividad estará fundamentada por la microeconomía tardía y el management estratégicoque emergió en la década de 1980. Estas teoríasson más afinescon el fenómeno monopólico que conla competencia perfecta,cuyas bases se remontan a una relectura de losaportes coasianos y schumpeterianos en esta dirección.

Abstract The origin of the monopoly impulse in the managerial discourse of our time, which is oriented according to the principle of competitiveness, must be traced genealogically in the readings derived from the works of two economists of the early 20th century: Ronald Coase and Joseph Schumpeter. This article resorts to a critical socio-history of the main microeconomic theories of the last century to explain the current "ethical justification" of monopoly in the field of strategic management. It seeks to expand and complete the Foucauldian study of neoliberal microeconomics as rationality, which makes competition its central reflexive principle. Since the middle of the last century, however, a series of developments and reformulations in the theoretical field of economics and management have given rise to the principle of the strategic competitiveness of companies, which distanced itself from the principle of economic competition in the markets. Thus, unlike the competition of "early neo-liberalism" studied by Michel Foucault in the late 1970s, competitiveness will be grounded in late microeconomics and strategic management that emerged in the 1980s. These theories will be more akin to the monopolistic phenomenon than to perfect competition, the foundations of which can be traced back to a re-reading of Coasian and Schumpeterian contributions in this direction.

Abstract In this article we seek to define, from a critical historical sociology, the ethical connections between the concept of "sustainability" and that of "competitiveness". First, we argue that, in the public and strategic planning practices of tourism in Mendoza and Argentina in the 21st century, we identify the joint and reiterated association of both notions. Secondly, because of this, we decided to present a genealogy of the concepts, framed in the current studies of neoliberalism. Thus, we show that competitiveness since the 1980s connotes the permanent and sustained increase of enterprise forces in the field of management. At the same time, we consider that "sustainable development", also disseminated in the 1980s, managed to become part of the managerial governmentality that colonized state management. This inscription took place in terms of an ethical balance that seeks to put a brake on the message of unlimited growth of business "competitiveness".

Resumen En el presente artículo buscamos definir, desde una sociología histórica critica, las conexiones éticas entre el concepto de “sustentabilidad” y el de “competitividad”. En primer lugar, exponemos que, en las prácticas de planificación pública y estratégica del turismo en Mendoza y Argentina del siglo XXI, identificamos la asociación conjunta y reiterada de ambas nociones. En segundo lugar, a raíz de esto, decidimos presentar una genealogía de los conceptos, enmarcada en los estudios actuales del neoliberalismo. Así, mostramos que la competitividad (competitiveness) desde los años ochenta connota el incremento permanente y sostenido de las fuerzas empresariales, en el campo del management. Al mismo tiempo, consideramos que el “desarrollo sustentable”, divulgado también en los ochenta, logró incorporarse a la gubernamentalidad managerial que colonizó a la gestión estatal. Esta inscripción se dio en términos de una balanza ética que pretende poner un freno al mensaje de crecimiento ilimitado de la “competitividad” empresarial.

Abstract Parvovirus B19 is the cause of a variety of exanthematous diseases during childhood and adolescence, such as erythema infectiosum and papular purpuric gloves and socks syndrome. This is an unusual, benign and acute acrodermatitis. Aphtous stomatitis, fever and other systemic symptoms can be associated with the eruption of the purpuric rash. Uncommon patterns such as asymmetrical distribution or erythematous involvement llave recently been described as additional features of PVB19-associated purpuric petechial eruption. This is a case report of a 12-year-old female with an atypical involvement of a papular-purpuric syndrome caused by human parvovirus B19.

Resumen El parvovirus B19 es causante de una variedad de enfermedades exantemáticas durante la infancia y adolescencia, como el eritema infeccioso y el síndrome papular purpúrico en guante y calcetín. Este último es una acrodermatitis aguda, inusual y benigna, que puede asociarse a aftas orales, fiebre y otros síntomas constitucionales. Existen casos atípicos como la púrpura febril en otras localizaciones, sin cumplir la distribución característica en guante y calcetín de forma simétrica o con un mayor componente de eritrodermia. Presentamos el caso de una adolescente de 12 años con un síndrome papular purpúrico de distribución atípica por parvovirus B19.

RESUMO Muitas das abordagens contemporâneas da Sociología são inspiradas pela pesquisa de Michel Foucault sobre o "neoliberalismo". Como é bem conhecido, no final dos anos setenta o autor analisou suas principais teorias microeconômicas e propus que nelas havia a programação de uma “racionalidade de governo”. Além disso, ele sugeriu que a subjetividade central encorajada a partir daí era a de um indivíduo "empreendedor de si mesmo". Neste artigo procuramos explicar a “origem” e a utilização metodológica deste conceito, assim como do conceito “forma empresa” (também apresentado por Foucault na referida pesquisa, embora referido apenas brevemente). Com isso, buscamos argumentar a noção “forma empresa” pode operar, para pensar a subjetividade neoliberal, de forma mais "acabada" e "plástica" do que o primeiro. Isso porque a “forma empresa” não só se encaixa à clássica fórmula econômica de retorno do investimento, mas permitiria a inclusão de outras ações, como a concorrência. Na verdade, a própria microeconomia neoliberal definiu a concorrência como seu princípio geral, porém a noção de “empreendedor de si mesmo” a deixa de lado. Da mesma forma, assinalamos que o conceito “forma empresa” oferece a possibilidade de delinear outras subjetividades neoliberais, aquelas relacionadas ao campo do management, campo que desde os anos oitenta até hoje também fez da concorrência o eixo de seu pensamento.

ABSTRACT Many contemporary sociological approaches are inspired by Michel Foucault's research on "neoliberalism”. As it is known, at the end of the seventies the author analyzed neoliberalism’s main microeconomic theories and ventured that the program of a “governmental rationality” was present in them. Furthermore, he suggested that the subjectivity encouraged by such rationality was an individual “entrepreneur of himself”. In this article I will explain the “origin” and the methodological use of both this concept and "enterprise form" (also presented by Foucault in this research, although briefly). With this, I seek to argue that the latter can be used, in a more “finished” and “plastic” way than the former, to think neoliberal subjectivity. This is because “enterprise form” is not confined only to the classic economic investment-return formula and might allow the inclusion of other actions, such as competition. In fact, neoliberal microeconomics itself defined competition as its general principle, but the notion of “entrepreneur of himself” leaves it aside. Likewise, I will point out that “enterprise form” offers the possibility of outlining other neoliberal subjectivities, those related to the field of management, which from the eighties to our days have also made competition the focus of its thought.

RESUMEN Muchos de los abordajes sociológicos contemporáneos se encuentran inspirados en la investigación que Michel Foucault hizo del “neoliberalismo”. Como es conocido, a finales de los años setenta el autor analizó sus principales teorías microeconómicas y aventuró que en éstas existía la programación de una “racionalidad de gobierno”. Además, sugirió que la subjetividad desde allí alentada era la de un individuo “empresario de sí”. En este artículo explicaremos el “origen” y el uso metodológico de este concepto, y de otro: “forma empresa” (también presentado por Foucault en dicha investigación, aunque sucintamente). Con ello, buscamos argumentar que éste último puede operar, para pensar la subjetividad neoliberal, de un modo más “acabado” y “plástico” que el primero. Esto, porque “forma empresa” no se cierra únicamente a la clásica fórmula economicista de inversión-retorno y permitiría incluir otras acciones, como la competencia. De hecho, la misma microeconomía neoliberal definió a la competencia como su principio general, pero la noción “empresario de sí” la deja de lado. Así también, señalaremos que “forma empresa” ofrece la posibilidad de esbozar otras subjetividades neoliberales, aquellas relativas al campo del management, que desde los años ochenta y hasta hoy también hizo de la competencia el eje de su pensamiento.

RESUMO A inclusão do mundo do trabalho na formação funda, no processo ensino-aprendizagem em saúde, uma ligação indissociável entre as unidades de saúde e as instituições de ensino superior. Formar profissionais o mais próximo da realidade dos usuários, com participação ativa nos problemas e necessidades que estão postos na vida, é o principal motor deste processo e convoca profissionais, usuários, alunos e docentes a vivenciar uma permanente tensão entre cuidar e ensinar. O encontro entre o trabalhador de saúde, o aluno e o usuário revela-se o principal foco de intercâmbio pedagógico, configurando-se como um cenário produtor de conhecimento e de questões para investigação, além do exercício do cuidado em saúde. Algo que remete ao desafio de construir estruturas pedagógicas capazes de produzir cuidado e conhecimento a partir do mundo do trabalho e considera a articulação de modos de agir e cuidar no campo da saúde. Trabalhar em busca de constituir formas de ensinar/aprender significa operar e agir sobre conceitos e sobre o campo de experiência que se coloca como um problema do experimentar na existência, pois estamos imersos no mundo do trabalho e do cotidiano dos serviços. Articular vínculo e responsabilidade dos sujeitos envolvidos com a produção do cuidado pode ser um meio de produzir maneiras de ensinar com outros sentidos e significados. Um arranjo em que a experiência no trabalho se torna capaz de produzir indícios para a construção de projetos terapêuticos e de ensinar produtores de sentido com respostas significativas às questões sobre cuidar e formar profissionais em saúde.

ABSTRACT Bringing the world of work into education forges, in the teaching/learning process in health, an inseparable link between health units and higher education institutions. The main driving force behind this process is to give professionals a training that is as close as possible to health users’ reality, enabling them to actively participate in the problems and needs of users’ lives. It invites professionals, users, students and teachers to experience the continual interplay between caring and teaching. The meeting between the health worker, the student and the user is the main focus of the pedagogical exchange, as a scenario that produces knowledge and questions for research, besides the practice of health care itself. In this scenario, the challenge is to construct pedagogical structures capable of producing care and knowledge, based on the world of work, and considering the articulation of ways of acting and caring in the field of health. Working to find ways of teaching and learning means engaging and acting on concepts, and on the field of experience that is posed as a problem for real-life experience, as we are immersed in the world of work and in the day-to-day service. Articulating the links, and responsibility of the subjects involved with the production of care may be a means of producing forms of teaching that has other meanings and significances. It is an arrangement in which work experience becomes capable of producing indications for the construction of therapeutic projects, and of teaching producers of meaning which provide answers to questions about caring and training health professionals.

The oregano plant is distributed worldwide, and represented mainly by two species: Origanum vulgare (Lamiaceace) native of Europa, and Lippia graveolens (Verbenaceae), native of America. Mexico is the second largest producer of oregano in the world, with the species L. graveolens H. B. K. However, most of the species used are wild, and raising them is done in a traditional and limited way. In this study we present an analysis of the dissemination strategies, chemical composition and nutraceutical properties of oregano. Phytochemicals present can be classified into three categories: volatile, lipids and phenolic compounds. These components present diverse neutraceutical properties, the most important of which are antioxidant activities, hypoglycemic, hypotensive, hypolypidemic and anti-carcinogenic. The advances in the study of the phytochemical composition and its relationship with new nutraceutical properties, make oregano a product with a high commercial value and broad chemotherapeutic applications.

El orégano es una planta de distribución mundial, el cual está representado principalmente por dos especies: Origanum vulgare (Lamiaceace) nativo de Europa, y Lippia graveolens (Verbenaceae), originaria de América. México ocupa el segundo lugar como productor mundial de orégano con la especie L. graveolens H. B. K. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las especies explotadas son silvestres y su cultivo es aún tradicional y limitado. En este trabajo se presenta un análisis de las estrategias de propagación, composición química y propiedades nutracéuticas del orégano. Los fitoquímicos presentes pueden clasificarse en tres categorías: compuestos volátiles, lípidos y fenólicos. Estos componentes presentan diversas propiedades nutracéuticas entre las que destacan la actividad antioxidante, hipoglucémica, hipotensiva, hipolipidémica y anticancerígena. Los avances en el estudio de la composición fitoquímica y su relación con nuevas propiedades nutracéuticas hacen del orégano un producto de alto valor comercial con amplias aplicaciones quimioterapéuticas.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of positive serology for Helicobacter pylori in workers of a zinc´s refinery. Material and Methods: We included employees that had their vacational check-up between July and September 2003. Of 501 workers, we recollected 92 participants, more than the sample size calculated in 80 workers (with a confidence level of 99.99%). The ELISA test was used for the quantitative detection of IgG against Helicobacter pylori (GAP-IgG ELISA, Biomerica, USA) in the venous blood of the workers. There were reported as positive those values >20 U/ml, negative <12.5 U/ml and inconclusive those values between 12.5 and 20U/ml. Only 4 were women, because of that we didn’t analyze the results by sex. Results: 57 (61.96%) had a positive serology against Helicobacter pylori, 22 (23.91%) were negative, and 13 (14.13%) had an inconclusive result. (Rev Med Hered 2004;15:151-154).

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de serología positiva para Helicobacter pylori en trabajadores de una refinería de zinc. Material y Métodos: Se incluyeron en el estudio a los trabajadores que acudían para su control pre-vacacional entre los meses de julio a setiembre del 2003. De 501 trabajadores, se seleccionaron a 92, obteniendo un tamaño muestral de 80 personas a un nivel de confianza del 99.99%. Para el examen serológico, se utilizó la prueba de ELISA para detección cuantitativa de IgG específica contra Helicobacter pylori (GAP-IgG ELISA, Biomerica, USA) por medio de sangre venosa de los participantes. Se consideró como positivos a valores >20 U/ml, negativos <12.5 U/ml y sospechosos entre 12.5 y 20 U/ml. Sólo 4 fueron del sexo femenino, motivo por el cual, no se hizo el estudio separando grupos por sexo. Resultados: De los 92 trabajadores, 57 (61.96%) presentaron serología positiva para Helicobacter pylori, 22 (23.91%) fueron negativos, mientras que 13 (14.13%) tuvieron un resultado dudoso (sospechoso). (Rev Med Hered 2004;15:151-154).